Water Treatment
Rivers, Lakes & Ground water have been our traditional sources of freshwater for domestic usages. Exploded human population & modern human activities such as Farming with Fertilizers & pesticides, dumping of sewers & industrial effluent in water bodies has rendered our traditional water sources useless. Pavement of Cities has led to decrease in ground water recharge rate & coupled with over extraction, this has led to increase in TDS content of the under-ground water source.
In order to provide vast human population, we had to look into scientific & centralized ways to treat water through physical & chemical means like Grit Removal System, Water Softeners, pH Balancing, Chlorine Dosing, Ozonisation, Clarifloculation, Oxidation, Media Filters, Ultra Filtration, and Reverse Osmosis.
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MF
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NF
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UF
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RO
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Water Softerner
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DM
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MB
Wastewater Treatment
Waste water is a widely used term for discarded water at the end of a process that include water as an ingredient. It includes but not limited to surface runoff due to rainfall or spillage, raw water with animal waste in it, potable water after being used for domestic activities like bathing, washing, flushing, etc.
The objective of treatment of sewage through a combination of physical, chemical and/or biological processes is to stabilize decomposable organic matter and remove other harmful contaminants prior to discharge onto a land or waterway or water body. The degree of treatment depends on the desired waste water quality.
Some of treatment processes that have been adopted in India include Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Technology, Activated Sludge Process (ASP) Technology, Extended Aeration (EA) Technology, Sequencing Batch Reactors, Waste Stabilization Ponds, Moving Bed Bio Reactor, Membrane Bio Reactor, and Soil Based technology.
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MBBR
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MBR
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ASP
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SBR
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UASB
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EA
Solid Waste Management
Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and disposing of solid material that is discarded because it has served its purpose or is no longer useful. Improper disposal of municipal solid waste can create unsanitary conditions, and these conditions in turn can lead to pollution of the environment and to outbreaks of vector-borne disease that is, diseases spread by rodents and insects. The tasks of solid-waste management present complex technical challenges. They also pose a wide variety of administrative, economic, and social problems that must be managed and solved.
Sources of Solid Wastes
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Solid domestic garbage.
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Solid waste material from various industries.
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Solid agricultural waste.
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Plastics, glass, metals, e-waste, etc.
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Medical waste.
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Construction waste, sewage sludge
Managing waste properly is essential for building sustainable and livable cities, but it remains a challenge for many developing countries and cities. Effective waste management is expensive, often comprising 20%–50% of municipal budgets. Operating this essential municipal service requires integrated systems that are efficient, sustainable, and socially supported.
Industrial Effluent
Our modern economy is heavily reliant on industries that uses various types of machineries & produce different products. During production, there is a lot of waste generated – Solid, Liquid & Gas. Also a lot of water goes into various processes in industries, mostly cleaning that come out as waste water loaded with various spent up chemicals, metals, organic & inorganic compounds. All the liquid discharge from an industrial unit is termed as Industrial effluent.
Depending upon the quantum, concentration, toxicity & presence of impurities, its treatment may consist of any one or more of the following processes:
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Volume Reduction
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Strength Reduction
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Neutralization
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Equalization & Proportions
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Removal of Suspended Solids
